• “Pandoc - About pandoc” https://pandoc.org/

$ w3m -dump https://pandoc.org/ | grep -E '←|↔︎|→'
(← = conversion from; → = conversion to; ↔︎ = conversion from and to)
    ↔︎ Markdown (including CommonMark and GitHub-flavored Markdown)
    ↔︎ reStructuredText
    → AsciiDoc
    ↔︎ Emacs Org-Mode
    ↔︎ Emacs Muse
    ↔︎ Textile
    ← txt2tags
    ↔︎ (X)HTML 4
    ↔︎ HTML5
    ↔︎ EPUB version 2 or 3
    ↔︎ FictionBook2
    → GNU TexInfo
    ↔︎ Haddock markup
    ↔︎ roff man
    → roff ms
    ↔︎ LaTeX
    → ConTeXt
    ↔︎ DocBook version 4 or 5
    ↔︎ JATS
    → TEI Simple
    ↔︎ OPML
    ← CSV tables
    ↔︎ Microsoft Word docx
    ↔︎ OpenOffice/LibreOffice ODT
    → OpenDocument XML
    → Microsoft PowerPoint
    ↔︎ Jupyter notebook (ipynb)
    → InDesign ICML
    ↔︎ MediaWiki markup
    ↔︎ DokuWiki markup
    ← TikiWiki markup
    ← TWiki markup
    → Vimwiki markup
    → XWiki markup
    → ZimWiki markup
    ↔︎ Jira wiki markup
    → LaTeX Beamer
    → Slidy
    → reveal.js
    → Slideous
    → S5
    → DZSlides
    → custom writers can be written in lua.
    → via pdflatex, xelatex, lualatex, pdfroff, wkhtml2pdf, prince, or 

pandoc 2.5

$ pandoc --list-input-formats
commonmark
creole
docbook
docx
epub
fb2
gfm
haddock
html
jats
json
latex
man
markdown
markdown_github
markdown_mmd
markdown_phpextra
markdown_strict
mediawiki
muse
native
odt
opml
org
rst
t2t
textile
tikiwiki
twiki
vimwiki

pandoc 2.5

$ pandoc --list-output-formats
asciidoc
beamer
commonmark
context
docbook
docbook4
docbook5
docx
dokuwiki
dzslides
epub
epub2
epub3
fb2
gfm
haddock
html
html4
html5
icml
jats
json
latex
man
markdown
markdown_github
markdown_mmd
markdown_phpextra
markdown_strict
mediawiki
ms
muse
native
odt
opendocument
opml
org
plain
pptx
revealjs
rst
rtf
s5
slideous
slidy
tei
texinfo
textile
zimwiki

--pdf-engine=xelatex の指定でpdfファイルは出力できるが日本語は表示できない．

$ echo '# 日本語ファイル' > TEST.md
$ pandoc TEST.md -o TEST.pdf
Error producing PDF.
! Package inputenc Error: Unicode character 日 (U+65E5)
(inputenc)                not set up for use with LaTeX.

See the inputenc package documentation for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.60 ...65e5ux672cux8a9eux30d5ux30a1ux30a4ux30eb}}

Try running pandoc with --pdf-engine=xelatex.
$ pandoc TEST.md -o TEST.pdf --pdf-engine=xelatex
[WARNING] Missing character: There is no 日 in font [lmroman12-bold]:mapping=tex-text;!
[WARNING] Missing character: There is no 本 in font [lmroman12-bold]:mapping=tex-text;!
[WARNING] Missing character: There is no 語 in font [lmroman12-bold]:mapping=tex-text;!
[WARNING] Missing character: There is no フ in font [lmroman12-bold]:mapping=tex-text;!
[WARNING] Missing character: There is no ァ in font [lmroman12-bold]:mapping=tex-text;!
[WARNING] Missing character: There is no イ in font [lmroman12-bold]:mapping=tex-text;!
[WARNING] Missing character: There is no ル in font [lmroman12-bold]:mapping=tex-text;!

こんな感じで出力できた．

$ pandoc TEST.md -o TEST.pdf --pdf-engine=xelatex -V documentclass=bxjsarticle -V classoption=pandoc
$ pandoc TEST.md -o TEST.pdf --pdf-engine=lualatex -V documentclass=bxjsarticle -V classoption=pandoc